简介：
发生可塑性变异的能力以及可塑性反应模式不尽相同，预示着控制可塑性能力并独立于控制性状的可塑性基因的存在，这些基因是直接响应环境信号并控制表型表达的调控基因。表型可塑性不仅是物种适应性进化的一个重要方面，也是选择进化的产物，物种的表型可塑性变异对其生态适应和进化模式有深远的影响。关键词生态．发育：进化：表型可塑性表型可塑l'~(phenotypic plasticity)是指同一基因型对不同环境条件应答产生不同表型的特性(Bradshaw，1965)。表型可塑性变异在各类生物中普遍存在(Sultan，1995；Pigliucci，2001)，但围绕可塑性变异的发生机制及其进化意义存在很多争论。以往一直认为单个基因型在不同环境条件下基于对发育和生理过程的调节，产生不同表型，能在一定程度上降低生物有机体在异质生境中所承受的环境压力，维持其适合度，但由于不涉及遗传物质的改变，因而不能够稳定遗传，也不会对物种的适应性进化产生影响。然而，随着对可塑性变异发生机2007-12-25收稿，2008-05-13收修改稿。’通讯作者(Author for correspondence
Phenotypic plasticity： Eco-Devo and evolution
Le-Xuan GAO, Jia-Kuan, CHEN Ji YANG
Center for Evolutionary Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
Abstract:
Phenotypic plasticity refers to the ability of an organism to alter its physiology/morphology/behavior in response to changes in environmental conditions. Although encompassing various phenomena spanning multiple levels of organization, most plastic responses seem to take place by altering gene expression and eventually altering ontogenetic trajectory in response to environmental variation. Epigenetic modifications provide a plausible link between the environment and alterations in gene expression, and the alterations in phenotype based on environmentally induced epigenetic modifications can be inherited transgenerationally. Even closely related species and populations with different genotypes may exhibit differences in the patterns and the extents of plastic responses, indicating the wide existence of plasticity genes which are independent of trait means and directly respond to environmental stimuli by triggering phenotypic changes. The ability of plasticity is not only able to affect the adaptive evolution of species significantly, but is also an outcome of evolutionary processes. Therefore, phenotypic plasticity is a potentially important molder of adaptation and evolution.[著者文摘]
Key words:
Eco-Devo, evolution, phenotypic plasticity.
“表型可塑性变异的生态-发育机制及其进化意义”版权归作者所有，转载请著名出处。